Renaissance Europe rebirth Italy style Latin Ideas greek scholars reborn revitalization historic period Florence modern cultural Political Reformation Reconstruction middle ancient Medieval Resurgence classical Church world Revival history Dissection Famously pilasters Republics Method Segmental Gerenak Philosopher Composer Plague Anatomy scholar Economic Woodcuts Rise Variously ideas Machiavelli humanists pope henry family merchants reformation Erasmus printing philosophy branches subfields source throatical sixteenth structure subfield atheism humanism love century interpretations fifteenth followers transformed medieval place ethics technical commentary humans important