internet single entity complex network networks connects millions computers devices around world. has different layers physical layer ( cables routers servers transmit data) logical protocols rules govern data exchange) application websites apps services online) understand geometric shape internet need consider layers structured connected. way graphs mathematical models represent using nodes (points) edges (lines). Graphs capture various properties networks size density degree distribution clustering centrality modularity Different graphs model aspects internet. example graph mapping locations connections backbone routers form core autonomous systems groups administrative domain. web pages hyperlinks World Wide Web depending arranged. Some regular shapes circles squares hexagons evenly distributed. irregular stars trees jellyfishes clustered hierarchical fractal snowflakes ferns exhibit self-similarity scales answer what depends aspect looking . dynamic diverse system multiple shapes dimensions.