Narrative structure What does the writer do first second third last etc.? Flashbacks Cyclical structure Chronological structure Dialogue Setting scene Zooming in on details of scene characters etc. Use of tenses – past present future What person – 1st 2nd 3rd How the writer shifts topic How the text opens What happens in the middle of a text How the text closes Change of perspectives Cliffhanger Sentences used (simple compound complex) Triadic structures Repetition of key phrases Use of lists Punctuation Word order in sentences Stage directions (play) Discourse markers – connectives or phrases at the start of a sentence Connectives used to move narrative on: first next later on finally Use of key words throughout and patterns of words Repetition of words Pronouns